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Ivan Il'in's Concept of National Idea
Zemánek, Ladislav ; Nykl, Hanuš (advisor) ; Tumis, Stanislav (referee)
The thesis deals with the Russian thinker I. A. Il'in's lifework putting emphasis on social and political philosophy. In consideration of the coherence of all his lifework the thesis is also dedicated to Il'in's metaphysics, epistemology and moral philosophy interpretation and his philosophical method description. Il'in's concept of the Russian "national idea" and its position in the context of the thinker's philosophical system are analysed as well. The analysis of this concept is to indicate to what extend it could be of universal nature having a potentiality for general application. The thesis focuses on problems that have not been discussed in the Czech literature yet, although being topical, including Il'in's criticism of totalitarianism and Western democracy model, his specific conception of nationalism or emphasis on the legal consciousness and the legal state.
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Philosophical Work of Nikolai Lossky
Haicl, Matouš ; Nykl, Hanuš (advisor) ; Filová, Simona (referee)
This thesis presents the philosophical system of Nikolai Lossky. The thesis includes basic Lossky's biographical data and the philosophical system itself is interpreted from the point of view of three philosophical fields - gnoseology, metaphysics and ethics. Lossky was conceiving his system progressively with an emphasis on its inner interconnection. Firstly he formulated his study of intuition, by which he entered a dialogue with the European tradition because of his new concept of human cognition. Afterwards he postulated the dichotomy of two spheres of the world - the kingdom of God and the kingdom of dissension. A human being stands between these two worlds and theirs life mission is to find a way back to God. In the end there are presented some of the applications of Lossky's basic theses in a few shorter works and there is also a valuation of Lossky's contribution for today's philosophical tradition and possible perspectives of development of his thoughts.
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Sergei Gessen's Philosophy of Pedagogy
Slobodová, Dana ; Nykl, Hanuš (advisor) ; Jančárková, Julie (referee)
The paper focuses on the personality of Sergei Iosifovich Gessen, Russian philosopher and emigrant, who lived and worked in Czechoslovakia during the inter-war period. The main aim is to present Gessen's philosophy of pedagogy, mostly by means of his works, that were written and published during his stay in our country. This includes his articles for journal Russian school abroad, of which he was also an editor, his shorter studies but most importantly his monography Philosophical principles of pedagogy, which was partly rewritten by the author for the purpose of its Czech edition. Based on his works, we will try to formulate the topics and the principles, which Gessen emphasizes in his texts and which should be valid in his ideal pedagogical system. We will also consider, if the pedagogical topics he was analyzing are still up to date in contemporary circumstances. Keywords: Sergei Gessen, Sergius Hessen, Russian emigration, Russian philosophy, pedagogy
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Ivan Il'in's Concept of National Idea
Zemánek, Ladislav ; Nykl, Hanuš (advisor) ; Tumis, Stanislav (referee)
The thesis deals with the Russian thinker I. A. Il'in's lifework putting emphasis on social and political philosophy. In consideration of the coherence of all his lifework the thesis is also dedicated to Il'in's metaphysics, epistemology and moral philosophy interpretation and his philosophical method description. Il'in's concept of the Russian "national idea" and its position in the context of the thinker's philosophical system are analysed as well. The analysis of this concept is to indicate to what extend it could be of universal nature having a potentiality for general application. The thesis focuses on problems that have not been discussed in the Czech literature yet, although being topical, including Il'in's criticism of totalitarianism and Western democracy model, his specific conception of nationalism or emphasis on the legal consciousness and the legal state.
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A. I. Herzen's concept of Russia
Kožíšková, Lenka ; Nykl, Hanuš (advisor) ; Tumis, Stanislav (referee)
The thesis focuses on different conceptions of Russia developed throughout the philosophical- journalistic and prose works of an eminent Russian thinker of the 19th century - Alexander Herzen, who had lived and worked in Russia and later on continued his work as emigrant elsewhere in Europe. Applying E. Said's Orientalism, I. Buruma's and A. Margalit's Occidentalism, and A. Etkind's internal colonization, a representative sample of Hezen's work has been analyzed to embrace the changes of the author's perception of Russia. In particular, Etkind's concept is used to bridge the divergence between a conventional understanding of Orientalism directed upon Middle East and the canonical texts of the Russian 19th century (pre-revolutionary) intelligentsia. Herzen's work has been thus situated within the context of postcolonial studies. The analysis studies the images and scenes used by Herzen to build up his ideas and understandings of Russia and Europe, or more precisely his constructions of East and West, indirectly intertwined with the social characteristics of Russia and his various conceptions, including the imaginary role of Russian intelligentsia and the author's own role in Russia and Europe.
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Philosophical Work of Nikolai Lossky
Haicl, Matouš ; Nykl, Hanuš (advisor) ; Filová, Simona (referee)
This thesis presents the philosophical system of Nikolai Lossky. The thesis includes basic Lossky's biographical data and the philosophical system itself is interpreted from the point of view of three philosophical fields - gnoseology, metaphysics and ethics. Lossky was conceiving his system progressively with an emphasis on its inner interconnection. Firstly he formulated his study of intuition, by which he entered a dialogue with the European tradition because of his new concept of human cognition. Afterwards he postulated the dichotomy of two spheres of the world - the kingdom of God and the kingdom of dissension. A human being stands between these two worlds and theirs life mission is to find a way back to God. In the end there are presented some of the applications of Lossky's basic theses in a few shorter works and there is also a valuation of Lossky's contribution for today's philosophical tradition and possible perspectives of development of his thoughts.
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Lev Gumil'ëv's Philosophy of History
Šmejkal, Jiří ; Nykl, Hanuš (advisor) ; Tumis, Stanislav (referee)
This bachelor thesis is dedicated to philosophy of history of Lev Nikolaevich Gumilev and to his so called theory of ethnogenesis and passionarity. At the beginning I will concisely introduce work and life of this thinker and afterwards I am going to focus on incentives that preceded the main theory of L. N. Gumilev. I will also shortly introduce the Eurasian movement. Main part of this work will deal with theory of ethnogenesis and its application on history of nations.
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The Question of Freedom and Personality in Early Works of Nicolai Berdyaev
Múčka, Jakub ; Švec, Ondřej (advisor) ; Nykl, Hanuš (referee)
Even though the theme of freedom and personality is crucial in the philosophy of N. A. Berdyayev, the topic is not found directly in the early work of the author. However it stands in the background of its development. I study in my following work the question of freedom and personality in an early work of the author in the years 1900 -1905, when Berdyayev went through a special ideological path from so called Legal Marxism, through different variants of idealism (neo-Kantianism, Nietzscheism) to a definite inclination to Christianity, ie. religion of God-humanity. In my work I try to not only study the author's original concept of philosophical anthropology including any potential changes, but also to assess to what extent was the theme of freedom and personality of Berdyayev crucial for his development to his mature work.
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